LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY(9th physics)

CBSE PHYSICS   LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it
is transformed from one form to another. Alternatively,
whenever energy gets transformed, the total energy
remains unchanged.

Proof – Freely falling body

It may be shown that in the absence of external frictional force the total mechanical energy of a body remains constant.
Let a body of mass m falls from a point A, which is at a height h from the ground as shown in fig.

At A,

Kinetic energy kE = 0
Potential energy Ep = mgh
Total energy E = Ep + Ek = mgh + 0= mgh

During the fall, the body is at a position B. The body has moved a distance x from A.

At B,

velocity v² = u² + 2as

applying, v² = 0 + 2ax = 2ax

Kinetic energy Ek = 1/2 mv² = 1/2 m x 2gx = mgx
Potential energy Ep = mg (h – x)
Total energy E = Ep + Ek = mg (h-x) + mgx = mgh – mgx + mgx= mgh

If the body reaches the position C.

At C,

Potential energy Ep = 0
Velocity of the body C is
v² = u² + 2as
u = 0, a = g, s = h
applying v² = 0 + 2gh = 2gh

kinetic energy Ek =1/2 mv²=1/2 m x 2gh= mgh

Total energy at C
                      E = Ep + Ek
                     E = 0 + mgh
                     E = mgh
Thus we have seen that sum of potential and kinetic energy of freely falling body at all points remains same. Under the force of gravity, the mechanical energy of a body remains constant.

RATE OF DOING WORK (OR) POWER
Power is defined as the rate of doing work or work done per unit time.

Power  =work done/time taken

        P = w/t

UNIT OF POWER

The unit of power is J/S known as watt, its symbol is W.

1 watt =1 joule/1 second

1 W = 1 J/ S

1hp=746W

Commercial unit of energy is kilo watt hour

We pay electricity bill in terms of unit or kWh. It is a commercial unit of electric energy consumed by the user.

Watt hour = power in watt x time in hour.

Example : How much energy will be used when a hundred watt bulb is used for 10 hour?

Energy = 100 watt x 10 hour = 1000 w h = 1kw h

I kwh is known as 1 unit.

One kilowatt hour means thousand watt of power is consumed in one hour.

1 kWh  = 1 kW x 1 h

            = 1000 W x 60 x 60 s

            = 1000 Js-1 x 3600 s

            = 3.6 x 106 J

1 unit = 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6x10⁶  J

Solved CBSE Test papers:

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 01

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 02

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 03

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 04

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 05

Class 9 Work, Energy ,Power_ Solved Questions - 06          Download Files